התכללות

התכללות, often translated as "inclusion," is a concept in Chassidus describing the interconnectedness of distinct entities. It posits that even within separate beings, each contains a concealed aspect of the other. This inclusion is enabled by the illumination of a higher light that encompasses them both and reveals their shared root. התכללות is especially evident in the World of Rectification (''Olam HaTikun''), characterized by self-nullification (''bitul'') and mutual accommodation.

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Explanation

The concept of התכללות addresses how multiplicity can coexist with unity, in contrast to the idea of אחדות (''Achdus'') that nullifies plurality. While Achdus negates distinctness, התכללות demonstrates how diverse elements express unity while maintaining their identity.

התכללות in ספירות

The ten Divine ''ספירות'' are inherently distinct powers. However, since they originate from the ''אור אין סוף'' (Infinite Light), each ''ספירה'' contains within it aspects of the others. In ''Olam HaTohu'' (the World of Chaos), the ''ספירות'' exist in a state of separation. In ''Olam HaTikun'', they exist in a state of התכללות, where each ''ספירה'' is inter-included with all others.

For example, within the ''ספירה'' of '''חסד''' (Kindness), one finds:

• '''חכמה שבחסד''' – Haskalah (insight) that motivates the act of giving.
• '''חסד שבחסד''' – The essential kindness or love itself.
• '''נצח שבחסד''' – Perseverance in giving, expressing ''kabalas ol'' (acceptance of the yoke), even when one does not feel inclined to give.

התכללות and אחדות

התכללות is a specific expression of אחדות, but not all אחדות is התכללות. אחדות typically refers to the nullification of multiplicity. This can occur in two ways:

1. Negating the separate existence of the many, affirming only a singular reality—this is the principle behind ''bitul haolamos'' (nullification of the worlds).
2. Allowing multiplicity to exist in harmony within unity—this is the dynamic of התכללות.

Three Levels of Integration

There are three levels of התכללות, illustrated by the analogy of a king's ministers:

1. Each entity contains an aspect of the other.
2. Each entity depends on the other to function.
3. Externally, it appears to be the other’s concern, but inwardly, it is truly one’s own concern.

The Unique Capacity of Man

Man alone possesses the ability to encompass all senses and modes due to intellect. The greatness of the soul is not revealed in moments of ''mesiras nefesh'' (self-sacrifice), but during periods of composure and order. While the soul’s essence is infinite, its powers are limited and act as garments that conceal its depth.